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一起來看雅思寫作語法失分點(diǎn)

2014-12-26

一、such as與for example的混用

我們知道,在表示舉例子的時(shí)候,such as與like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare。

但是同學(xué)們對于Such as、for example 的把握還是不夠準(zhǔn)確。我們都知道,后者接句子前者接詞語表示舉例子。于是就有了下面的寫法:

There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian。

這里的such as改為for example為好,因?yàn)椤癷n French and Italian”其實(shí)是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡化,所以要用for example來引出例證。再來看幾個(gè)類似的例子:

It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics。

二、assume 及claim 使用不夠準(zhǔn)確

我們知道, think,assume,claim是議論文中常用引出觀點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞。在實(shí)際作文中,同學(xué)們往往認(rèn)為幾個(gè)詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換,所以拿過來就用。甚至還有同學(xué)把consider也拿過來與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來看這幾個(gè)詞的不同:

Think: to have opinion or belief about sth。

翻譯為“認(rèn)為”,通常接賓語從句來表達(dá)比較確定的觀點(diǎn)。

Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it。

翻譯為“假設(shè)、假定”,是否有事實(shí)依據(jù)是不確定的。

Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it。

翻譯為“聲稱”,用這個(gè)詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其后的觀點(diǎn),所以很少用作‘I claim that…

Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。

所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯為“有報(bào)道稱。。?!?。和‘it is reported that ’的區(qū)別在于后者翻譯為“據(jù)報(bào)道”,往往代表著作者贊同報(bào)告的內(nèi)容,

Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision

翻譯為“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點(diǎn),看個(gè)例子:

We are considering buying a new car。

所以,千萬不要在雅思大作文的第一段(觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)段)就因?yàn)橛迷~把握不準(zhǔn)而導(dǎo)致對整篇文章的低分印象。

三、介詞使用錯(cuò)誤

1、普通介詞的誤用

一般表現(xiàn)為固定搭配錯(cuò)誤,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,雖然這樣的錯(cuò)誤看似無傷大雅,但在考官眼里就是影響順暢閱讀的,當(dāng)然會(huì)影響終成績。解決的辦法簡單而古老:把常見的固定搭配牢記于心,問題 自然就解決了。

2、 “to”作為介詞的誤用

“to”常見的用法是以動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的形式出現(xiàn)的,所以同學(xué)們也已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了“to do”的固定搭配。對于一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表方向等常見用法一般也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。但是對于與動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞to就會(huì)經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò):

如:

More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them。

這里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’為介詞,所以后面只能接名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞,如動(dòng)名詞。所以句中depend on 應(yīng)改為“depending on”?!皌ake to”的另一個(gè)常用用法也需要牢記:

He hasn’t taken to his new school. (這里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞,會(huì)有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,另外,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號(hào)。

類似的常用用法請同學(xué)們牢記:

Be used to doing

Adapt to doing

Adjust to doing

prefer doing sth. to doing sth。

Be accustomed to doing

See to doing

等等,請注意平時(shí)仔細(xì)積累。

四、表“建議”的詞匯后面忘記用虛擬從句

這是摘自學(xué)生雅思作文中的一個(gè)病句:

I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school。

因?yàn)椤畇uggest’翻譯為“建議”,所以后面的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣,句中“continues”部分應(yīng)該改為“(should) continue”。

在此,小編提醒您,一定要牢記以下常見表“建議”的詞匯,而且要記住這些詞接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣:

Recommend, suggest, advise

五、compare與contrast的誤用

我們先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區(qū)別。 Compare的定義為:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定義為:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them。由定義不難看出前者側(cè)重于找到兩個(gè)或多個(gè)事物的異同,而后者則側(cè)重于它們的不同。

看個(gè)例句:

It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours。

前一句翻譯為:對比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會(huì)很有趣。

后一句的翻譯為:我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同,這很有趣。

再看一個(gè)引自O(shè)XFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:

There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West。

The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier。

When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast。

不難發(fā)現(xiàn),Compare翻譯為“與。。。相比”而contrast可譯為“明顯不同的是。。?!?,切記這種翻譯方式就不會(huì)用錯(cuò)彼此了。

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