1. 代入法
例題:If x and y are two different integers and the product 35xy is the square of an integer, which of the following could be equal to xy?
A. 5 B.70 C. 105 D. 140 E. 350解答:將答案依次帶入,發(fā)現(xiàn)只有D選項(xiàng)35xy=35×140=35×35×4=(35×2)2。
2. 特殊值法
例題:xy=x+y. If y>2, what are all possible values of x that satisfy the equation above?
A. x<0, B. 0
解答:y>2,不妨假設(shè)它為3,3x=x+3,x=3/2,一目了然D即為正確選項(xiàng)。
3. 巧解法
例題:At a certain diner, Joe orders 3 doughnuts and a cup of coffee and is charged $2.25. Stella orders 2 doughnuts and a cup of coffee and is charged $1.70. What is the price of 2 doughnuts?
A. $ 0.55 B. $ 0.60 C. $ 1.10 D. $ 1.30 E. $ 1.80
解答:按照常規(guī)的解題思路,我們可以用字母x和y分別指代“炸面包圈”和“咖啡”的價(jià)格,然后建立2個(gè)方程式3 x+y= $ 2.25 , 2 x+y= $ 1.70,后求出方程組的解x=$ 0.55,y =$ 0.6。
但是只要稍作思考,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)解題的捷徑—— 3個(gè)炸面包圈加1杯咖啡的價(jià)格與2個(gè)炸面包圈加1 杯咖啡的價(jià)格相減,余額就是1個(gè)炸面包圈的價(jià)格:$ 2.25 -$ 1.70 =$ 0.55 。此時(shí),我們還要注意的是,千萬不能掉入命題者的陷阱而選擇A,,因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)只是1個(gè)炸面包圈的價(jià)格。所以,正確答案應(yīng)該是C選項(xiàng)。