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劍橋雅思14視頻解析Test 3 Passage 1

2019-08-22

前言：名師指點(diǎn)迷津，助力學(xué)員沖刺高分！大連學(xué)為貴教育名師呂洋為學(xué)員們進(jìn)行劍橋雅思專業(yè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)解答分析，幫助學(xué)員們掌握技能。

呂洋老師：學(xué)為貴閱讀主講，曾參與雅思閱讀真經(jīng)等教材開發(fā)。先后獲得英國卡迪夫大學(xué)博士學(xué)位，美國馬里蘭大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)碩士，丹麥哥本哈根商學(xué)院服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)士，并在新西蘭與澳大利亞就讀初高中課程，在多個(gè)國家獲得高級(jí)口譯崗位資格證書。

Cambridge IELTS14 Test3 Passage2 文章——

A.Looked at in one way, everyone knows what intelligence is; looked at in another way, no one does. In other words, people all have unconscious notions - known as 'implicit theories5 - of intelligence, but no one knows for certain what it actually is. This chapter addresses how people conceptualize intelligence, whatever it may actually be.

But why should we even care what people think intelligence is, as opposed only to valuing whatever it actually is? There are at least four reasons peopled conceptions of intelligence matter.

B.First, implicit theories of intelligence drive the way in which people perceive and evaluate their own intelligence and that of others. To better understand the judgments people make about their own and others5 abilities, it is useful to learn about peopled implicit theories. For example, parents’ implicit theories of their children’s language development will determine at what ages they will be willing to make various corrections in their children's speech. More generally, parents5 implicit theories of intelligence will determine at what ages they believe their children are ready to perform various cognitive tasks. Job interviewers will make hiring decisions on the basis of their implicit theories of intelligence. People will decide who to be friends with on the basis of such theories. In sum, knowledge about implicit theories of intelligence is important because this knowledge is so often used by people to make judgments in the course of their everyday lives.

C.Second, the implicit theories of scientific investigators ultimately give rise to their explicit theories. Thus it is useful to find out what these implicit theories are. Implicit theories provide a framework that is useful in defining the general scope of a phenomenon - especially a not-well-understood phenomenon. These implicit theories can suggest what aspects of the phenomenon have been more or less attended to in previous investigations.

D.Third, implicit theories can be useful when an investigator suspects that existing explicit theories are wrong or misleading. If an investigation of implicit theories reveals little correspondence between the extant implicit and explicit theories, the implicit theories may be wrong. But the possibility also needs to be taken into account that the explicit theories are wrong and in need of correction or supplementation. For example, some implicit theories of intelligence suggest the need for expansion of some of our explicit theories of the construct.

譯文：

A.當(dāng)以某種方式審視智力時(shí)，每個(gè)人都知道它是什么;而以另一種方式審視時(shí)，卻沒有人知道。換言之，每個(gè)人對(duì)智力都有自己潛意識(shí)的界定，這被稱為“內(nèi)隱理論”，但沒有人確切地知道智力到底是什么。無論智力實(shí)際上是什么，這一章會(huì)解決人們給智力下定義的問題。

但是我們?yōu)槭裁匆P(guān)注人們?nèi)绾卫斫庵橇?，而不是僅僅評(píng)價(jià)智力實(shí)際上是什么?至少有四個(gè)理由可以說明人們對(duì)智力的理解非常重要。

B.首先，智力的內(nèi)隱理論影響人們理解和評(píng)價(jià)自身及其他人的智力。為了更好地理解人們對(duì)自身和其他人能力的判斷，了解人們的內(nèi)隱理論十分有幫助。例如，父母關(guān)于孩子語言發(fā)展的內(nèi)隱理論會(huì)決定他們將在什么時(shí)候?qū)⒆拥难哉Z做出各種各樣的糾正。而更普遍的是，父母關(guān)于智力的內(nèi)隱理論將決定他們會(huì)在什么時(shí)候相信孩子已經(jīng)能夠處理各種各樣的認(rèn)知任務(wù)。職業(yè)面試宮會(huì)基于他們關(guān)于智力的內(nèi)隱理論做出招聘決定。人們會(huì)基于這種理論決定與誰交朋友。總之，理解有關(guān)智力的內(nèi)隱理論非常重要，因?yàn)樵诿刻斓纳钪校藗兂３Ｍㄟ^這樣的理解做出判斷。

C.第二，科學(xué)研究者的內(nèi)隱理論最終會(huì)帶來他們的外顯理論。因此研究這些內(nèi)隱理論是什么非常有用。內(nèi)隱理論提供了一種框架，這種框架對(duì)定義某一現(xiàn)象的廣義范疇非常有用，尤其是對(duì)尚未被充分理解的現(xiàn)象。這些內(nèi)隱理論可以提示這一現(xiàn)象的哪些方面曾經(jīng)在過去的研究中被或多或少地關(guān)注過。

D.第三，當(dāng)一名研究者懷疑現(xiàn)存的外顯理論有誤或存在誤導(dǎo)時(shí)，內(nèi)隱理論會(huì)非常有用。如果關(guān)于內(nèi)隱理論的研究無法揭示現(xiàn)有的內(nèi)隱和外顯理論間的一致性，那么內(nèi)隱理論可能存在問題。但是也需要考慮“外顯理論存在錯(cuò)誤或者需要糾正、補(bǔ)充”的可能性。例如，一些關(guān)于智力的內(nèi)隱理論表明我們需要擴(kuò)展有關(guān)其構(gòu)造的某些外顯理論。

八月刷題團(tuán)資料—大連洋

8小時(shí)：題庫真題直播講解課程；8小時(shí)：真題講解錄播課程；14章節(jié)：雅思詞匯真經(jīng)語音講解；100小時(shí)：劍橋雅思刷題講解。

8月刷題團(tuán)直播課程安排——

8月刷題團(tuán)課程安排——

大連洋刷題團(tuán)會(huì)員詞匯備考資料

詞匯備考，三位一體

語音版詞匯真經(jīng)——717+298每日講解考察

報(bào)名8月大連洋刷題團(tuán)，刷詞匯真經(jīng)，每日更有717閱讀熱點(diǎn)詞及298聽力熱點(diǎn)詞考察講解。

其中，717針對(duì)考試閱讀同轉(zhuǎn)，298針對(duì)聽力手寫詞及同轉(zhuǎn)，詞匯真經(jīng) [需配合書籍] 則針對(duì)備考普遍必備單詞。三本資料，三位一體，從此拜托詞匯困擾，這一輩子可能都不需要再煩背單詞了。

詞匯真經(jīng)語音講解

會(huì)員獨(dú)享——詞匯真經(jīng)重點(diǎn)章節(jié)音頻講解

大連洋在本書精選了14個(gè)重點(diǎn)章節(jié)，邀請(qǐng)大連學(xué)為貴諸位名師一同打造語音版詞匯真經(jīng)講解。含雅思核心詞匯3000個(gè)，每個(gè)單詞均進(jìn)行[同義詞]，[反義詞]，[常見拓展]及[短語搭配]，還有貫穿始終的詞根詞綴等構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，使講解的實(shí)際詞匯容量已達(dá)到7000以上。