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GMAT語法考試之善用排除法

2014-01-07

GMAT作為世界上難的語法考試,對語法改錯的考查早已超過語言知識本身,與其說它是在考察語言,不如說它是在考察能力,具有很強(qiáng)的綜合性和很大的迷惑性。由于考查范圍廣、出錯點(diǎn)多、原則多樣化,雖然語法改錯部分看起來容易把握,但在實(shí)際解題過程中,考生經(jīng)常顧此失彼,在幾個選項(xiàng)間徘徊猶豫半天依然難以確定終答案。GMAT語法改錯的難度一方面來自題干,另一方面來自選項(xiàng),因?yàn)槲覀円揽窟x項(xiàng)之間的差別來獲得信息、尋求提示,其實(shí)這就反映了GMAT語法改錯答案的特點(diǎn)--永遠(yuǎn)只有相對正確而不寸在絕對正確,也就是需要我們善于運(yùn)用排除法,挑選出相對準(zhǔn)確而有效的那一個。很有可能幾個選項(xiàng)都是錯誤的,我們就需要找出一個錯誤相對來說比較輕微的選項(xiàng)來作為正確答案。下面我們通過幾個例子深入體會一下這種思路。

1.Downzoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density, allows for more open space in areas where little water or services exist.

(A) little water or services exist

(B) little water or services exists

(C) few services and little water exists

(D) there is little water or services available

(E) there are few services and little available water

這是一道典型的難題,充分體現(xiàn)了GMAT語法相對正確性的原則。A選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ittle這個詞既修飾了water又修飾了services,但是little只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,所以它只能修飾water而不能修飾services, 所以A選項(xiàng)語法是不對的,而這是個正確性的錯誤。同樣B和D都犯了類似的錯誤。C選項(xiàng)中主語few services and little water是復(fù)數(shù),而謂語卻是單數(shù),也錯了。E選項(xiàng)其實(shí)也有錯,首先用了there be的句型,這在GMAT語法中一般是不允許的,其次又加了available這個詞,把原文的意思也改變了,但這些錯誤從性質(zhì)上來看只是有效性的錯誤,起碼它語法是正確的,而A,B,C,D語法都錯了,所以答案選E。

我們再看一道非常類似的題目:

2.The commission acknowledged that no amount of money or staff members can ensure the safety of people who live in the vicinity of a nuclear plant, but it approved the installation because it believed that all reasonable precautions had been taken.

(A) no amount of money or staff members

(B) neither vast amounts of money nor staff members

(C) neither vast amounts of money nor numbers of staff members

(D) neither vast amounts of money nor a large staff

(E) no matter how large the staff or how vast the amount of money

這道題目和剛才那題非常類似,amount of 這個短語可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞但不能修飾可數(shù)名詞,而A和B選項(xiàng)中amount of同時修飾了money這個不可數(shù)名詞和staff members這個可數(shù)名詞,所以都是錯誤選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了numbers of,這是個錯誤的表達(dá)方式,表示某物的數(shù)量應(yīng)該用the number of,所以也錯了。E選項(xiàng)no matter how 羅嗦,首先用however會顯得更為簡潔,而其實(shí)即使改用however還是錯,因?yàn)檫@是個強(qiáng)烈語氣表達(dá),原文中沒有使用正確答案就不能使用。答案選D,有些憑語感解題的同學(xué)會覺得D選項(xiàng)看上去很不順眼,但解GMAT語法題千萬不能憑語感,而要靠扎扎實(shí)實(shí)的語法分析。A,B,C,E都存在著一定程度的錯誤,所以答案選D。

后我們再看一道題來說明從幾個都是錯誤的選項(xiàng)中來找出一個相對正確答案的應(yīng)用。

3.The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980's.

(A) The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980's.

(B) The modernization program for the steel mill, hopefully completed in the late 1980's, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

(C) Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980's, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

(D) The program for modernizing the steel mill, which can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980's and cost approximately 51 million dollars.

(E) Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980's, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

這道題目中A選項(xiàng)的it is hoped是個插入語,應(yīng)該前后用兩個逗號隔開。而且A中的which語法上看指代了dollar美圓,而從邏輯來分析其實(shí)是應(yīng)該指代program項(xiàng)目的,所以A錯了。B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)用了hopefully這個詞,這不符合商業(yè)英文的用法,一般是錯誤的,應(yīng)該改為it is hoped。D選項(xiàng)犯了個非常嚴(yán)重的語法錯誤,它缺少謂語,所以肯定是錯誤選項(xiàng)。后答案選E,而其實(shí)E選項(xiàng)也只是個相對佳而非絕對優(yōu),因?yàn)樗帕薓odernizing the steel mill這個分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做主語,應(yīng)該把它改成the modernization of the steel mill名詞形式來做主語會更好一點(diǎn),但由于這只是個不簡潔的錯誤,屬于有效性的錯誤,與A,B,C,D的錯誤性質(zhì)比較起來顯得輕微許多,所以答案選E。

通過這幾題的講解,相信大家已經(jīng)掌握了相對正確性的用法。在下一次我們將會給大家介紹如何從幾個都是正確的選項(xiàng)中找出一個符合正確答案特征的選項(xiàng)來做為正確答案。

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