新GRE閱讀主要考驗(yàn)我們邏輯推理能力,在中國(guó)很少進(jìn)行著方面的訓(xùn)練。邏輯推理能力在閱讀中考察,從宏觀上把握文章,抓住文章的“主體結(jié)構(gòu)”是關(guān)鍵。下面為大家進(jìn)行3種常見的GRE閱讀主題結(jié)構(gòu)分析。
GRE閱讀一向被中國(guó)的GRE考生視為畏途。這一現(xiàn)象完全在情理之中。GRE閱讀文章涉及的詞匯量大,包含較多的專業(yè)詞匯。句子長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜,找出全句的主干耗時(shí)費(fèi)力。加上陌生的概念與背景知識(shí),令GRE學(xué)習(xí)者談閱讀而色變。所幸考試中無須將文章完全理解也能做對(duì)大部分題,甚至是所有的題,因?yàn)槲恼潞蟮暮芏鄦栴}涉及文章的主題、結(jié)構(gòu)、套路與作者態(tài)度等需要從宏觀上把握的題,真正繁難的細(xì)節(jié)題并不多。從宏觀上把握文章,抓住文章的“主體結(jié)構(gòu)”是關(guān)鍵。 GRE閱讀文章的常見“主體結(jié)構(gòu)”有三種:
1. 結(jié)論-解釋型(也叫論點(diǎn)-解釋型)
首先是“結(jié)論-解釋型”文章。這類文章在開始有一個(gè)判斷句,一般是文章的結(jié)論,也是文章的主題。這個(gè)判斷句的謂語部分通常包含系動(dòng)詞(is, remain, prove, turn out, appear等)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may, should, must等),而且含有表示態(tài)度的詞匯(如形容詞等)。例如,
Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth's subsurface, the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves. In field practice, a subsurface is mapped by arranging a series of wave-train sources, such as small dynamite explosions, in a grid pattern…
文章首句指出:“由于‘地震反射法’(sr)在勾劃地球的地下層面這方面的準(zhǔn)確性,該方法一直是探尋石油儲(chǔ)備的重要的工具?!边@是一個(gè)判斷句,為結(jié)論。其中remains為系動(dòng)詞,而most important為態(tài)度詞,表示作者對(duì)“地震反射法”持非常正面的評(píng)價(jià)。后文應(yīng)解釋“地震反射法”的具體過程。 第二句話對(duì)解釋進(jìn)行總的說明:“在實(shí)地作業(yè)中,通過將一系列波列源,諸如小規(guī)模炸藥爆炸,排列成一個(gè)網(wǎng)格模式,從而將地下層面標(biāo)繪出來。”接下來是“地震反射法”的詳細(xì)過程。
2. 新老觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比型
GRE閱讀文章的第二種常見結(jié)構(gòu)是“新老觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比型”。 這類文章在開始提出老觀點(diǎn),然后提出新觀點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行論述。通常新觀點(diǎn)是文章的主題。老觀點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志詞有:
1. 傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn): has been, traditionally, until recently等
2. 大眾觀點(diǎn):frequently, widely, many等
新觀點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志詞有:however, recently, now等。
例如,
Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used.
However, a number of features that are characteristic of wind-pollinated plants reduce pollen waste…